2^nd International Conferences on Nanotechnology & Chemistry April 06-07, 2022 Geneva, Switzerland

Nanotoxicology represents a new and growing research area in toxicology. It deals with the assessment of the toxicological properties of nanoparticles (NPs) with the intention of determining whether (and to what extent) they pose an environmental or societal threat. Inherent properties of NPs (including size, shape, surface area, surface charge, crystal structure, coating, and solubility/dissolution) as well as environmental factors (such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, salinity, and organic matter) collectively influence NP behavior, fate and transport, and ultimately toxicity. The multidisciplinary field of nanotoxicology focuses on determining the extent to which nanomaterials (materials with at least one dimension <100 nm) pose a hazard to human health and the environment. The small size, large surface area-to-volume ratio, and quantum size effects of nanoscale materials may lead to biological effects. While nanotechnology and the production of nanoparticles are growing exponentially, research into the toxicological impact and possible hazard of nanoparticles to human health and the environment is still in its infancy

Nanotechnology uses the principles of science and engineering to design and manufacture products from atoms, molecules and nanoparticles. Some nanotechnology innovations have been revolutionary, others were incremental. Discoveries in nanotechnology have continued to increase as technologies have advanced and commercialization strategies have become better implemented. The emerging and potential commercial applications of nanotechnologies clearly have great potential to significantly advance and even potentially revolutionize various aspects of medical practice and medical product development. Commercial products include sunscreen composed of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, nanodevices for drug delivery and surgical tools, early disease diagnosis, nanocoatings in sunglasses, nanocomposites in cars, quantum dots for medical imaging and carbon nanotubes for field emissive displays. Nanotechnology is already touching upon many aspects of medicine, including drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, clinical diagnostics, nanomedicines, and the use of nanomaterials in medical devices. This technology is already having an impact; many products are on the market and a growing number is in the pipeline. Momentum is steadily building for the successful development of additional nanotech products for day to day life.

Novel properties and behaviors have been found to emerge as the size of the material is reduced from the bulk to the nanometer or sub-nanometer regime. These include atomic clusters containing ten to several thousand atoms, nanoscale materials, mono-layers and multi-layers clusters deposited on surfaces and the nanocrystal superlattice.  Further, the properties evolve with size, dimension and composition. These developments have provided hope that novel materials with entirely new properties could be synthesized. This new era of nano-technology is expected to revolutionize the science and technology in the 21st century

Nano-technological applications such as nano electronic devices and sensors offer tremendous opportunity and challenges for researchers.  With unique optical, magnetic, electrical and mechanical properties - all occurring at the nanoscale - these materials have properties that can vary with length scale, changing continuously or instantly. Nanodevices are critical enablers that will allow mankind to exploit the ultimate technological capabilities of electronic, magnetic, mechanical, and biological systems. While the best examples of nanodevices at present are clearly associated with the semiconductor industry, the potential for such devices is much broader. Nanomaterials-based sensors have several benefits in sensitivity and specificity over sensors made from traditional materials. Nanosensors can have increased specificity because they operate at a similar scale as natural biological processes, allowing functionalization with chemical and biological molecules, with recognition events that cause detectable physical changes. Nanosensors can also potentially be integrated with nanoelectronics to add native processing capability to the nanosensor

Nanocomposites are composites in which at least one of the phases shows dimensions in the nanometre range (1 nm = 10-9 m)1. Nanocomposites are high performance material exhibit unusual property combinations and unique design possibilities. The properties of nano-composite materials depend not only on the properties of their individual parents but also on their morphology and interfacial characteristics. With an estimated annual growth rate of about 25% and fastest demand to be in engineering plastics and elastomers, their potential is so striking that they are useful in several areas ranging from packaging to biomedical applications. Nanocomposite materials have emerged as suitable alternatives to overcome limitations of microcomposites and monolithics, while posing preparation challenges related to the control of elemental composition and stoichiometry in the nanocluster phase. The possibilities of producing materials with tailored physical & electronic properties at low cost could result in interesting applications ranging from drug delivery to corrosion prevention to electronic/automotive parts to industrial equipment and several others. They are reported to be the materials of 21st century in the view of possessing design uniqueness and property combinations that are not found in conventional composites

Nanobiotechnology is a discipline in which tools from nanotechnology are developed and applied to study biological phenomena. It’s being a multidisciplinary field that currently recruits approach, technology and facility available in conventional as well as advanced avenues of engineering, physics, chemistry and biology. For example, nanoparticles can serve as probes, sensors or vehicles for biomolecule delivery in cellular systems. The most important objectives that are frequently found in nanobiology involve applying nanotools to relevant medical/biological problems and refining these applications. Developing new tools, such as peptide nanosheets, for medical and biological purposes is another primary objective in nanotechnology. New nanotools are often made by refining the applications of the nanotools that are already being used. The imaging of native biomolecules, biological membranes, and tissues is also a major topic for the nanobiology researchers

Nanophotonic materials have emerged as an important class of subwavelength optical components that interact with light in unique ways on the nanometer length-scale. They were being studied more nowadays because of their great potential in information processing and communication, which may allow rates and bandwidth beyond what is feasible in the realm of electronics. Organic materials could be well suitable for such applications due to their ability to generate, transmit, modulate and detect light in their lightweight and flexible nanoarchitectures. Their distinct nanophotonic properties strongly depend on their extrinsic morphologies and intrinsic molecular excited-state processes whereas the key contributory factors include quantum confinement of electrical carriers within nanoparticles, efficient energy and charge transfer over nanoscale distances, and in many systems a highly enhanced role of interfaces

Nanostructured Materials (NsM) are materials with a microstructure and the characteristic length scale of which is on the order of 1 to 100 nm. NsM synthesized by supramolecular chemistry are examples of NsM in thermodynamic equilibrium. Two key factors cause the properties of nanomaterials to be special: their quantum effects and their structure.  Their tiny structure means they have a greater relative surface area than other materials and this can alter or improve properties such as strength and electrical characteristics or reactivity. The properties of NsM deviate from those of single crystals (or coarse-grained polycrystals) and/or glasses with the same average chemical composition. This deviation results from the reduced size and/or dimensionality of the nanometer-sized crystallites as well as from the numerous interfaces between adjacent crystallites

Nanomembranes are regularly produced using natural polymer based nanocomposites with a thickness under 100nm. Such nanomembranes incorporate natural polymers joined with a work of silica nanoparticles. The measure of the openings in the work limits or permits the section of various estimated atoms. Nanomembranes are generally created utilizing Layer-by-Layer (LbL) get together techniques. This technique give exact control over the in plane structure of the film and takes into account the option of a scope of segments to be added to the layer. These parts incorporate nanoparticles and nanotubes that can tailor the mechanical, optical and electronic properties of the nanomembrane.

Nanoclusters and Nanocrystals afford attention on various aspects of nanoclusters and Nanocrystals. Recent synthetic strategies to construct metallic or semiconducting nanoscale clusters and crystals, nanocrystalline films, control of bulk and form of clusters and crystals, progress mechanism, spectroscopic categorization, amorphous and crystalline structures, physical properties and potential engineering applications in transducers and photocatalysis.

Nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) are a class of devices assimilating electrical and mechanical functionality on the nanoscale. NEMS form the rational following miniaturization step from so called microelectromechanical systems, or MEMS devices. NEMS usually incorporate transistor-like nanoelectronics with mechanical actuators, pumps, or motors, and may thus form physical, biological, and chemical sensors. The title derives from typical device dimensions in the nanometer range, leading to low mass, high mechanical reverberation regularities, potentially great quantum mechanical possessions such as zero point motion, and a great surface-to-volume relation useful for surface-based sensing mechanisms. Uses embrace accelerometers, or detectors of chemical substances in the in-flight.

Many revisions have demonstrated developments in permeability reduction to gases, moisture and organic vapors resulting from the accumulation of low concentrations of layered some nanoparticles to numerous thermoplastic matrices. This is mostly due to their nanometer scale element size and intraparticle spaces. The desired properties are typically reached at low filler volume portion, allowing the nanocomposites to retain macroscopic dispersion and low thickness of the polymer. The geometrical outline of the particle plays an important role in determining the properties of the complexes. The improved nanocomposite barrier performance illustrated by many samples has been explained by the tortuous track model, in which the existence of impermeable some platelets produces an overlapped construction that hinders penetrate diffusion and thus reduces the permeability of the material

Nanochemistry or Nanotechnology is related with the manufacture and the responses of nanoparticles, nanostructures and their mixtures. It is concerned with the distinctive properties connected with assemblies of atoms or molecules on a scale among that of the single building blocks and the bulk material (from 1 to 1000 nm). At this level, quantum properties can be significant, and also new ways of carrying out chemical reactions convert possible. This science use procedures from the synthetic chemistry and the resources chemistry to obtain nanomaterials with specific dimensions, shapes, surface belongings, defects, self-assembly properties, designed to accomplish specific functions and uses. Nanomaterials can be created from virtually any material, such as metals, semiconductors and polymers, both in their amorphous and crystalline forms.  Nanochemical approaches can be used to generate carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNT), Graphene and fullerenes which have gained courtesy in recent years due to their extraordinary mechanical and electrical possessions

The Understanding Nanotechnology Website is devoted to providing clear and brief explanations of Nanochemistry presentations. Scan the listings under to find an application of concentration, or use the navigation bar above to go straight to the page discussing an application of curiosity.

Sub-atomic nanotechnology (MNT) envelops a wide scope of uses in the field of science, drug, hardware and research. It has the capacity of recovering the capacity of a material to react different materials distinctively for instance Nano sensors are perhaps the greatest development of atomic nanotechnology, these sensors have the capacity in them to react the harmful and live sparing medications in an unexpected way. Savvy materials and instruments, reproducing robots, restorative Nano robots every one of these gadgets have atomic plan in them. Atomic Nanotechnology has extraordinary effect to the various divisions of work. Its significant advantage is its extra nuclear hardware and gadgets which are increasingly steady. The view of mechanosynthesis is the result of atomic nanotechnology, which is critical in the portions of gadgets.

A complex set of engineering and scientific challenges in the food and bioprocessing industry for manufacturing high quality and safe food through efficient and sustainable means can be solved through nanotechnology. Bacteria identification and food quality monitoring using biosensors; intelligent, active, and smart food packaging systems; nanoencapsulation of bioactive food compounds are few examples of emerging applications of nanotechnology for the food industry. Scientists and engineers in almost all industries are developing nanotechnology to make their products stronger, lighter, more durable, more corrosion resistant and more economical.  Many nanotechnology applications are quietly added to existing products to enhance performance.  

Nano materials are defined as materials with at least one external dimension in the size range from approximately 1-100 nanometers. Nanoparticles are objects with all three external dimensions at the nanoscale1. Nanoparticles that are naturally occurring (e.g., volcanic ash, soot from forest fires) or are the incidental by products of combustion processes (e.g., welding, diesel engines) are usually physically and chemically heterogeneous and often termed ultrafine particles. Engineered nanoparticles are intentionally produced and designed with very specific properties related to shape, size, surface properties and chemistry. These properties are reflected in aerosols, colloids, or powders. Often, the behaviour of nanomaterials may depend more on surface area than particle composition itself. World demand for nanomaterials will rise more than two-and-a-half times to $5.5 billion in 2016. Nanotubes, nanoclays and quantum dots will be the fastest growing types. The energy storage and generation and construction markets will offer the best growth prospects. China, India and the US will lead gains among countries Nanoparticales

Nano medicine will be based on the ability to build Nano robots. In the future these Nano robots could actually be programmed to repair specific diseased cells, functioning in a similar way to antibodies in our natural healing processes. The motivation for the new manipulation technology is the desire to enter the micro- and Nano world not only by viewing but also acting, altering micro- and nano sized objects. A new era on medicine are expected to happen in the coming years. Due to the advances in the field of Nanotechnology, Nano device manufacturing has been growing gradually. The elimination of bacterial infections in a patient within minutes, instead of using treatment with antibiotics over a period of weeks.Nanomedicne and Nanocapsules

Nanotechnology and the chemical industry go hand in hand, as many areas of nanotechnology work because of the fundamental chemical principles (and interactions) that underlie many nanotechnology mechanisms and phenomena. The chemical industry produces a wide range of functional nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can be found in a wide range of products from paints, to everyday household formulations and additive mixtures for automobiles. That being said, the term ‘chemical industry’ is broad, and companies that fall within this category can also produce products ranging from smart electronics to food products Tracks

A complex set of engineering and scientific challenges in the food and bioprocessing industry for manufacturing high quality and safe food through efficient and sustainable means can be solved through nanotechnology. Bacteria identification and food quality monitoring using biosensors; intelligent, active, and smart food packaging systems; nanoencapsulation of bioactive food compounds are few examples of emerging applications of nanotechnology for the food industry. Scientists and engineers in almost all industries are developing nanotechnology to make their products stronger, lighter, more durable, more corrosion resistant and more economical.  Many nanotechnology applications are quietly added to existing products to enhance performance.  For a list of consumer products known to include nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is a growing interdisciplinary technology that is often seen as a new industrial revolution. Nanotechnology is increasingly attracting worldwide attention owing to its wide range of end-uses. As nanotechnology is evolving, so is the scope for its commercial expansion. The wide range of potential products and applications gives nanotechnology its enormous growth prospects. It has been forecasted that the global nanotechnology industry will grow to reach US$ 75.8 Billion by 2020. In such a scenario, huge opportunity lies for industry participants to tap the fast growing market.

Nanotopography refers to the specific surface features which appear on the nanoscale.In industry, applications of nanotopography typically encompass electrics and artificially produced surface features. However, natural surface features are also included in this definition, such as molecular-level cell interactions and the textured organs of animals and plants. These nanotopographical features in nature serve distinctive purposes that aid in regulation and function of the biotic organism, as nanotopographical features are extremely sensitive in cells.Nanolithography is the process by which nanotopographical etchings are artificially produced on a surface. Many practical applications make use of nanolithography, including semiconductor chips in computers. There are many types of nanolithography, which include:PhotolithographyElectron beam lithography (EBL)