Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Jin Z Zhang
University of California-Santa Cruz, USA
Keynote: Novel properties and applications of plasmonic metal nanostructures: A case study and recent progress on hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs)
Time : 09:30-10:30
Biography:
Jin Z Zhang received his BSc degree in Chemistry from Fudan University, China, in 1983 and his PhD in physical chemistry from the University of Washington in 1989. He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at UC Berkeley from 1989 to 1992. In 1992, he joined the faculty at UCSC, where he is currently a Full Professor of chemistry and biochemistry, with research focusing on synthesis, characterization, and applications of advanced nanomaterials. He has authored over 320 publications and three books have been serving as a Senior Editor for JPC(L) published by ACS since 2004 and is a Fellow of AAAS, APS, and ACS.
Abstract:
Plasmonic metal nanostructures have unique and strongly shape-dependent optical properties useful for various applications including sensing, imaging, energy conversion, and therapy. Hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) is an excellent example and their optical properties can be tuned by varying the diameter and shell thickness for specific and desired applications. However, the mechanism behind the growth of HGNs with Co nanoparticles used as a template remained unclear. We have conducted a detailed mechanistic study and determined that oxygen plays an important and delicate role in the HGN growth process. More specifically, an intermediate species composed of both Co and B seems to be formed after the Co(II) ions are reduced but before the formation of Co metal nanoparticles. An appropriate amount of oxygen is needed to convert the intermediate species into Co metal nanoparticles without further oxidizing them into cobalt oxide. Based on this mechanism, we can exercise much better control over the HGN synthesis in terms reproducibility and structure of the final product. Both in vitro and in vivo cancer therapy based on photothermal ablation (PTA) has been demonstrated successfully with high efficiency. Key factors affecting PTA have been studied with the long-term goal of achieving optimal efficiency.
Keynote Forum
Soheli Farhana
International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
Keynote: A real-time mobile biosensor measurement and monitoring system
Time : 11:00-12:00
Biography:
Soheli Farhana has completed her PhD in engineering from International Islamic University Malaysia and a postdoctoral fellowship from International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia. She was the visiting researcher at ONE Lab, MIT. She has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of reputed journals and also serving as the committee member in several conferences.
Abstract:
The quick finding of irresistible sicknesses and auspicious inception of appropriate treatment are basic determinants that advance ideal clinical results and overall population. Traditional diagnostics for irresistible ailments are tedious and require stationary diagnosis centers, experienced laboratory personnel, and cumbersome hardware. Recent advances in the biosensor are able to perform diagnostics perform better with less complex compared to ordinary equipment. But the difficulties to be defeated incorporate with the measurement system such as very bulky, bigger size, cost-effective, and stationary. In this research, a real-time biosensor measurement and monitoring system are proposed and designed. The system consists of a Texas Instrument (TI) CC3200 Launchpad controller with an onboard wireless system for communication and processing purpose. An LMP91000 Analog Front End (AFE) connected with CC3200 is used as the onboard potentiostat. An LCD panel also mounted on board on the CC3200 for monitoring purpose. A dc 5V input is sufficient for operating the CC3200 controller board, where the potentiostat is getting 3.3V from the controller to operate itself. The electrochemical measurement can be carried out using this proposed system which is embedded with a potentiostat (LMP91000) and Texas Instrument (TI) CC3200 with Wi-Fi module-on-Chip for communication and processing.
- Nanobiotechnology | Nanocomposites | Nano Electronics, Devices and Sensors | New Science & Novel Materials in the Nano Regime | Nanocrystals and Clusters | Nanotoxicology | Nanometrology | Nanomagnetism | Biomedical Applications and Bioelectronics
Location: San Francisco, USA
Chair
Ting Guo
University of California-Davis, USA
Co-Chair
Jin Z Zhang
University of California-Santa Cruz, USA
Session Introduction
Savan Suri
West Virginia University, USA
Title: Advanced nanoelectrode array for electrochemical and biological sensing
Biography:
Savan Suri is currently a graduate student pursuing PhD in Electrical Engineering at West Virginia University, USA. His area of research is nanomaterial & nanosensors for optical, chemical & biological applications. His expertise also includes electrochemical analysis at the nanoscale, photochemical deposition of nanoparticles and nano/microfabrication techniques for plasmonic nanostructures. He also holds Masters degree in Electrical & Mechanical engineering from West Virginia University, USA.
Abstract:
Recent advancements in the semiconductor fabrication technologies have greatly helped in advancing the understanding of electrochemistry at the nanoscale (10-9 m). Electrodes are being produced at the micro (10-6 m) and nanoscale with varied materials, designs and for diverse applications. Better electrochemical sensing and detecting capabilities are achieved with nanoelectrodes in comparison with regular microelectrodes. A lot of theoretical studies of electrochemistry at these nanoelectrodes have been proposed and developed. Despite the theoretical advancements, little has been done in experimental studies of nanoelectrodes. The progress is majorly impeded by lack of reliable fabrication procedures to produce such nanoelectrodes and test them experimentally. In the current study, a new procedure to fabricate nanoelectrode arrays for enhanced electrochemical detection has been developed. The electrochemical advantages of the nanoelectrodes over macro electrodes such as better mass transport of analytes, independent diffusional domains, and faster chemical reaction rates are studied. The dimensions of the electrode are optimized to get the best possible electrochemical sensing capabilities. The optimized NEA geometry has shown an excellent detection as an electrochemical & biological sensor. This is attributed to the enhanced mass transport of analytes and faster chemical reaction rates at the surface of the nanoelectrodes.
Jennifer Lien
Univeristy of California-Davis, USA
Title: Discovery of catalytic steps in complex radical reactions
Biography:
Jennifer Lien completed her PhD at UC Davis at the age of 29 years and began her postdoctoral studies with the Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI) out of UC Davis shortly after. She has published 6 papers in the field of nanochemistry, with a couple more currently under review.
Abstract:
A triple-jump model is invoked to describe complex catalytic chemical reactions involving radical reactants. The model consists of three sequential reactions or phases, beginning with the production of radicals, followed by the trapping, hydroxylation or addition reaction, and ending with the conversion from unstable intermediates to final, more stable, products. This model improves the understanding of catalyzed steps using isolated reaction phases and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. For X-ray irradiation of gold nanoparticle aqueous solutions, hydroxyl radicals were found to be scavenged by nanoparticles in the formation phase. Stabilization was unaffected by gold nanoparticles due to the high concentrations of radical trapping reagents, whereas conversion was significantly catalyzed. This observation indicates that reactions need to be examined before they can be used to report the amount of analyte in the presence of nanoparticle catalysts, a conclusion important to understanding reactions such as DNA strand breaks, polymerization, and hydroxylation reactions, which are critical to many fields including X-ray nanochemistry.
Christopher Edozie Sunday
University of Western Cape, South Africa
Title: The enhanced electro-activity of poly 2, 5-dimethoxyaniline doped with gold nanoparticles-dotted nitrophenyl azo functionalized graphene
Biography:
Christopher Edozie Sunday is a seasoned analytical chemist, university lecturer, nanotechnologist and quality control manager, having multiple years of line production, laboratory, dielectric science and sensor technology experience in the industry and academia. He completed his PhD in Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology from the University of Western Cape, South Africa in 2014. As a Postdoctoral Research Fellow, he has published and co-authored more than 19 papers in reputed journals. His research focus involves the development of novel ‘smart’ nanomaterials, which can be applied in fabricating ultrasensitive electrochemical sensing platforms or sensor chips, for resolving basic diagnostic challenges in biomedical analysis, and monitoring environmental pollutions e.g. real-time detection of persistent poly-aromatic pollutants in water; biomarkers for cancers, tuberculosis, and other medical conditions.
Abstract:
Poly 2, 5-dimethoxyaniline (PDMA) is doped with gold nanoparticle dotted 4-nitrophenyl azo functionalized graphene (AuNp/G-PhNO2) nano-catalyst to enhance its interfacial heterogeneous electron transfer rate. The nanocomposite was electro-deposited on glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface depicted as GC/PDMA/AuNp/G-PhNO2. Comparative voltammetric interrogation of the platform in 1.0M hydrochloric acid showed enhanced electro-activity. It also exhibited quasi-reversible electrochemistry (E°′=235mV) in phosphate buffer saline solution (pH 7.2) involving one electron process. Its charge transfer resistance (Rct) from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy profile monitored with ferro/ferricyanide (Fe(CN)63-/4-) redox probe, decreased by 81% compared to GCE/PDMA indicating that it was much more conducting than its pristine form. This new nano-structured composite is stable, cheap, easy to produce, and a suitable electron transfer mediator which can be applied in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors.
Faiz Mohammad
Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, India
Title: Metal oxide nanoparticles as alternate antibacterial agents against some common pathogens: A comparative study
Biography:
Faiz Mohammad is a full Professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry (Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology) of Aligarh Muslim University. He obtained his DPhil in the field of Electrically Conducting Polymers from the School of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, University of Sussex (UK) in 1988. His research interests include conducting polymer synthesis, and device applications, chemical, and biochemical sensors, polymer nanocomposites and polyblends besides having an interest in environmental issues.
Abstract:
The present work aims at the green synthesis of metal oxides of zinc, iron, and copper using the aqueous extract of Terminalia belerica as a reductant as well as a stabilizer. The successful formation of the metal oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Thus prepared metal oxide nanoparticles were characterized employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We used these nanoparticles to demonstrate their antibacterial efficacy against some common standard bacterial pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC-441), Escherichia coli (ATCC-8739) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC-43816) to find their plausible use as an alternate weapon to fight against multi-drug resistant superbugs.
Archana Raichur Joshi
Indian Institute of Technology, India
Title: Mechanistic insights related to myc downregulation and myc signaling pathway by hollow PLGA NPs in cancer cells
Biography:
Archana Raichur Joshi with PhD in BioNano and Biomedical Engineering. She is an International MEXT scholar, Japan. She did her doctoral course at age of 28 years and currently working as Research Scientist at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur in Mechanical Engineering Department, India. Earlier she worked as Vice President in Educational Trust, Biomedical Engineering Department, Orchids International Techno Services. Recently she is focusing on gene delivery nanotherapeutics and protein sorting mechanisms in cancer cells.
Abstract:
RNAi (RNA interference) therapeutics is a powerful gene therapy technique for suppressing specific genes in the cells and cellular pathways. It has great potential in biomedical applications including in the treatment of genetic disorders, cancer, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases. Many challenges like safe delivery of targeted siRNA to nucleus and cytosol of cancerous cells without compromising the activity of siRNA need to be addressed. One of the novel ways to overcome the barriers is using non-viral, that is gene delivery using nano-composites. Polymer nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used and studied for drug and gene delivery. One of the advantages of using biocompatible polymer NPs is that, compared to non-biocompatible NPs, they tend to accumulate at a faster rate inside the cancer cells. This rapid accumulation is favorable for site-targeted drug and gene delivery. In our study, we synthesized a nanocomposite by encapsulating sequence-specific siRNA and pRNA into PLGA Hollow NPs (HNPs, monodispersed and of uniform diameter of 70nm-yet to report). Further, these Hollow NPs were loaded with sequence-specific PNA and were used to target myc- mRNA and the nucleus of IMR-32 and T84 cancer cell lines, in vitro. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first time anybody has successfully produced hollow PLGA NPs. It is observed that after six hours of incubation, a majority (approximately 85%) of the cells start to peel off the substratum and float in the media. The remainder continues to adhere to the substratum and changes morphology. The cells floating in the media are found to undergo apoptosis within a day. When the cells adhered to the substratum are incubated further overnight, they show dendritic outgrowth and gastrular formation. It is also observed that genes KM20 and Zyxin express in these cells. Interestingly, the extent of gene expression is nearly equal to that in normal cells, suggesting that the TOR signaling pathway, which is observed in normal cells, is also activated in the incubated cells.