2^nd International Conference on Nanostructured Materials & Nanochemistry November 02-03, 2018 San Francisco | California | USA

Chair

Rajesh Sunasee

State University of New York, USA

Co-Chair

Tetsuya Suzuki

Keio University, Japan

Session Introduction

Byung Kim

University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA

Title: Detection of pancreatic cancer biomarkers using a SERS-based immunoassay using gold nanoparticles and nanoshells

Biography:

Byung Kim is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst. His current research interests are micro/nano embossing and its application to obtain a cost-effective solution in the areas such as cancer detecting SERS substrate. He is on the editorial board of the Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering Journal. His professional affiliations include membership with the SPE, ASME, SME. He received his BS in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley in 1978 and MS and PhD from MIT in 1980 and 1983, respectively.

Abstract:

 

Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) is critical to reducing the mortality rate of this disease. Current biological analysis approaches cannot robustly detect several low abundance PC biomarkers in sera, limiting the clinical application of these biomarkers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay are two common platforms for detection of biomarkers; however, they suffer from some limitations. This presentation investigates a novel system for multiplex detection of pancreatic biomarkers CA19-9, MMP7, Mesothelin and MUC4 in sera samples with high sensitivity using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The gold nanoshell showed better Raman intensity compared to that of the gold nanoparticles. Measuring the Raman signals of these biomarkers in PC patients, pancreatitis patients, and healthy individuals reveal the unique expression pattern of these markers in PC patients, suggesting the great potential of using this approach for early diagnostics of PCs. Advantages and feasibility of performing this platform on an integrated microfluidic device also will be discussed.

Preeti Singla

Panjab University, India

Title: Boron nitride nanomaterials: An effective and upcoming approach for water purification

Biography:

Preeti Singla has completed PhD last year in the field of Nano-chemistry and Theoretical chemistry from the department of chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Recently, looking forward to the postdoctoral studies in the USA. Her research is focused on the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanomaterials both experimentally and theoretically. She had published 10 papers in peer-reviewed journals.

Abstract:

Organic pollutants in the aquatic systems are the emerging class of contaminants owing to their prevalence and high stability. In this regard, promising nanomaterial i.e. boron nitride (BN) nanomaterials have been fabricated by adopting solid-state high-temperature annealing methods, characterized using various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction technique and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and then explored towards the adsorption applications. To elucidate their brilliant adsorbent properties, a variety of toxic organic pollutants consisting dyes and pharmaceutical wastage have been taken into consideration as adsorbates. In the present study, critical investigation on the adsorption of fluoroquinolone antibiotic over the surface of BN nanomaterials has been carried out. Effect of various experimental parameters on the extent of adsorption such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage and initial antibiotic concentration has also been explored. Furthermore, to demonstrate the nature of adsorption, adsorption isotherm; Langmuir and Freundlich's isotherms have also been studied. Subsequently, the kinetic analysis including the calculation of rate constant has also been accomplished by incorporating the kinetic models. Results obtained from this work demonstrated that BN nanomaterials are very efficacious adsorbents for the removal of antibiotics from water and might also be used in drug delivery systems.

Arjun Sharmah

University of California-Davis, USA

Title: X-ray induced energy transfer in nanoscale materials under X-ray irradiation: Experimental and theoretical studies

Biography:

Arjun Sharmah completed his PhD from the Department of Chemistry at University of California-Davis in 2016 and is currently a postdoctoral researcher postdoctoral at the same institution working in the field of nanochemistry and nanosensor development for drought sensing in plants.

Abstract:

A nanoscale probe of calcium phosphate enclosed liposomes filled with sulforhodamine B (SRB) aqueous solution was synthesized, and the degradation of SRB in the probes was used to measure the enhanced energy deposition within the nanoscale probes mixed with PEGylated gold nanoparticles under X-ray irradiation. The enhancement was measured as a function of the gold nanoparticle concentration, and the results showed a jump at 0.46nM of gold nanoparticles with a slope of 42-fold per one weight percentage (wp^–1) of gold in water superimposed on a gentle 1-fold wp^–1 slope. Theoretical simulations revealed that the jump was caused by the previously proposed type 2 physical enhancement (T2PE) exerted from a single 90nm gold nanoparticle on a contacting nanoscale probe, and the gentler slope by type 1 physical enhancement (T1PE) was caused by the rest of the gold nanoparticles hundreds of nanometers or farther away. The jump is equivalent to a 2-fold absolute enhancement for each nanoscale probe and suggests that T1PE and T2PE obey the addition algorithm. A systematic theoretical study was also carried out to investigate XIET between a strongly X-ray absorbing gold nanoparticles (donors) and a weakly X-ray absorbing hollow silica nanoparticle filled with water (acceptor), where part of the energy absorbed by the donors can be transferred to the acceptor when the two are positioned sufficiently close to each other and under 20–100keV X-ray irradiation. XIET was studied as a function of dimension, composition, configuration and orientation of donors and acceptors, number of donors, and X-ray energy. These results provide a theoretical framework to guide future experimental XIET studies.

Sujan Kasani

West Virginia University, USA

Title: Tunable localized surface plasmon resonance in transition metal oxide nanostructures

Biography:

Sujan Kasani is currently a PhD student of Electrical Engineering department in West Virginia University, USA. His research area cover nanofabrication, semiconductor electronics, biosensors, and solar energy. He published (first and co-authored) 8 papers in high impact factor journals which include Nano Research, JPCC, Analytical Chemistry, and Nanoscale Horizons. He is also serving as a reviewer for Elsevier-Photonics and Nanostructures, IOP-Nanotechnology and ISME.

 

Abstract:

Noble metals in plasmonics have been investigated because of its applications in biosensing, optoelectronic and photonic devices. The high electron density of metals, which allows the plasmon resonance to fall in the visible range and the stable metallic properties allowed metals to be the best candidates for plasmonic applications in spite of the high cost. Recent progress in Transition metal oxides (TMO’s) research exhibits plasmonic behavior in visible and NIR region which is more interesting that noble metals because of cost and stability. In this paper, we have demonstrated tunable LSPR of hydrogen treated molybdenum trioxide and compared thin films with nanostructured MoO₃. The electrical and optical properties are characterized and discussed the physics of tunable plasmon in TMO’s.

Chair

Ting Guo

University of California-Davis, USA

Co-Chair

Jin Z Zhang

University of California-Santa Cruz, USA

Session Introduction

Savan Suri

West Virginia University, USA

Title: Advanced nanoelectrode array for electrochemical and biological sensing

Biography:

Savan Suri is currently a graduate student pursuing PhD in Electrical Engineering at West Virginia University, USA. His area of research is nanomaterial & nanosensors for optical, chemical & biological applications. His expertise also includes electrochemical analysis at the nanoscale, photochemical deposition of nanoparticles and nano/microfabrication techniques for plasmonic nanostructures. He also holds Masters degree in Electrical & Mechanical engineering from West Virginia University, USA.

 

Abstract:

Recent advancements in the semiconductor fabrication technologies have greatly helped in advancing the understanding of electrochemistry at the nanoscale (10^-9 m). Electrodes are being produced at the micro (10^-6 m) and nanoscale with varied materials, designs and for diverse applications. Better electrochemical sensing and detecting capabilities are achieved with nanoelectrodes in comparison with regular microelectrodes. A lot of theoretical studies of electrochemistry at these nanoelectrodes have been proposed and developed. Despite the theoretical advancements, little has been done in experimental studies of nanoelectrodes. The progress is majorly impeded by lack of reliable fabrication procedures to produce such nanoelectrodes and test them experimentally. In the current study, a new procedure to fabricate nanoelectrode arrays for enhanced electrochemical detection has been developed. The electrochemical advantages of the nanoelectrodes over macro electrodes such as better mass transport of analytes, independent diffusional domains, and faster chemical reaction rates are studied. The dimensions of the electrode are optimized to get the best possible electrochemical sensing capabilities. The optimized NEA geometry has shown an excellent detection as an electrochemical & biological sensor. This is attributed to the enhanced mass transport of analytes and faster chemical reaction rates at the surface of the nanoelectrodes.

 

Jennifer Lien

Univeristy of California-Davis, USA

Title: Discovery of catalytic steps in complex radical reactions

Biography:

Jennifer Lien completed her PhD at UC Davis at the age of 29 years and began her postdoctoral studies with the Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI) out of UC Davis shortly after. She has published 6 papers in the field of nanochemistry, with a couple more currently under review.

Abstract:

A triple-jump model is invoked to describe complex catalytic chemical reactions involving radical reactants. The model consists of three sequential reactions or phases, beginning with the production of radicals, followed by the trapping, hydroxylation or addition reaction, and ending with the conversion from unstable intermediates to final, more stable, products. This model improves the understanding of catalyzed steps using isolated reaction phases and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. For X-ray irradiation of gold nanoparticle aqueous solutions, hydroxyl radicals were found to be scavenged by nanoparticles in the formation phase. Stabilization was unaffected by gold nanoparticles due to the high concentrations of radical trapping reagents, whereas conversion was significantly catalyzed. This observation indicates that reactions need to be examined before they can be used to report the amount of analyte in the presence of nanoparticle catalysts, a conclusion important to understanding reactions such as DNA strand breaks, polymerization, and hydroxylation reactions, which are critical to many fields including X-ray nanochemistry.

Christopher Edozie Sunday

University of Western Cape, South Africa

Title: The enhanced electro-activity of poly 2, 5-dimethoxyaniline doped with gold nanoparticles-dotted nitrophenyl azo functionalized graphene

Biography:

Christopher Edozie Sunday is a seasoned analytical chemist, university lecturer, nanotechnologist and quality control manager, having multiple years of line production, laboratory, dielectric science and sensor technology experience in the industry and academia. He completed his PhD in Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology from the University of Western Cape, South Africa in 2014. As a Postdoctoral Research Fellow, he has published and co-authored more than 19 papers in reputed journals. His research focus involves the development of novel ‘smart’ nanomaterials, which can be applied in fabricating ultrasensitive electrochemical sensing platforms or sensor chips, for resolving basic diagnostic challenges in biomedical analysis, and monitoring environmental pollutions e.g. real-time detection of persistent poly-aromatic pollutants in water; biomarkers for cancers, tuberculosis, and other medical conditions.

Abstract:

Poly 2, 5-dimethoxyaniline (PDMA) is doped with gold nanoparticle dotted 4-nitrophenyl azo functionalized graphene (AuNp/G-PhNO₂) nano-catalyst to enhance its interfacial heterogeneous electron transfer rate. The nanocomposite was electro-deposited on glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface depicted as GC/PDMA/AuNp/G-PhNO₂. Comparative voltammetric interrogation of the platform in 1.0M hydrochloric acid showed enhanced electro-activity. It also exhibited quasi-reversible electrochemistry (E°′=235mV) in phosphate buffer saline solution (pH 7.2) involving one electron process. Its charge transfer resistance (R_ct) from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy profile monitored with ferro/ferricyanide (Fe(CN)₆^3-/4-) redox probe, decreased by 81% compared to GCE/PDMA indicating that it was much more conducting than its pristine form. This new nano-structured composite is stable, cheap, easy to produce, and a suitable electron transfer mediator which can be applied in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors.

Faiz Mohammad

Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, India

Title: Metal oxide nanoparticles as alternate antibacterial agents against some common pathogens: A comparative study

Biography:

 

Faiz Mohammad is a full Professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry (Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology) of Aligarh Muslim University. He obtained his DPhil in the field of Electrically Conducting Polymers from the School of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, University of Sussex (UK) in 1988. His research interests include conducting polymer synthesis, and device applications, chemical, and biochemical sensors, polymer nanocomposites and polyblends besides having an interest in environmental issues.

Abstract:

The present work aims at the green synthesis of metal oxides of zinc, iron, and copper using the aqueous extract of Terminalia belerica as a reductant as well as a stabilizer. The successful formation of the metal oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Thus prepared metal oxide nanoparticles were characterized employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We used these nanoparticles to demonstrate their antibacterial efficacy against some common standard bacterial pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC-441), Escherichia coli (ATCC-8739) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC-43816) to find their plausible use as an alternate weapon to fight against multi-drug resistant superbugs.

Archana Raichur Joshi

Indian Institute of Technology, India

Title: Mechanistic insights related to myc downregulation and myc signaling pathway by hollow PLGA NPs in cancer cells

Biography:

Archana Raichur Joshi with PhD in BioNano and Biomedical Engineering. She is an International MEXT scholar, Japan. She did her doctoral course at age of 28 years and currently working as Research Scientist at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur in Mechanical Engineering Department, India. Earlier she worked as Vice President in Educational Trust, Biomedical Engineering Department, Orchids International Techno Services. Recently she is focusing on gene delivery nanotherapeutics and protein sorting mechanisms in cancer cells.

Abstract:

RNAi (RNA interference) therapeutics is a powerful gene therapy technique for suppressing specific genes in the cells and cellular pathways. It has great potential in biomedical applications including in the treatment of genetic disorders, cancer, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases. Many challenges like safe delivery of targeted siRNA to nucleus and cytosol of cancerous cells without compromising the activity of siRNA need to be addressed. One of the novel ways to overcome the barriers is using non-viral, that is gene delivery using nano-composites. Polymer nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used and studied for drug and gene delivery. One of the advantages of using biocompatible polymer NPs is that, compared to non-biocompatible NPs, they tend to accumulate at a faster rate inside the cancer cells. This rapid accumulation is favorable for site-targeted drug and gene delivery. In our study, we synthesized a nanocomposite by encapsulating sequence-specific siRNA and pRNA into PLGA Hollow NPs (HNPs, monodispersed and of uniform diameter of 70nm-yet to report). Further, these Hollow NPs were loaded with sequence-specific PNA and were used to target myc- mRNA and the nucleus of IMR-32 and T84 cancer cell lines, in vitro. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first time anybody has successfully produced hollow PLGA NPs. It is observed that after six hours of incubation, a majority (approximately 85%) of the cells start to peel off the substratum and float in the media. The remainder continues to adhere to the substratum and changes morphology. The cells floating in the media are found to undergo apoptosis within a day. When the cells adhered to the substratum are incubated further overnight, they show dendritic outgrowth and gastrular formation. It is also observed that genes KM20 and Zyxin express in these cells. Interestingly, the extent of gene expression is nearly equal to that in normal cells, suggesting that the TOR signaling pathway, which is observed in normal cells, is also activated in the incubated cells.